微塑料
土壤碳
生态系统
生物地球化学循环
异养
碳纤维
化学
环境化学
生物
生态学
土壤水分
细菌
遗传学
复合数
复合材料
材料科学
作者
Lu Wang,Da Lin,Ke‐Qing Xiao,Lijuan Ma,Yanmei Fu,Yan Huo,Yanjie Liu,Mao Ye,Mingming Sun,Dong Zhu,Matthias C. Rillig,Yong‐Guan Zhu
标识
DOI:10.1073/pnas.2413245121
摘要
Microplastic is globally regarded as an important factor impacting biogeochemical cycles, yet our understanding of such influences is limited by the uncertainties of intricate microbial processes. By multiomics analysis, coupled with soil chemodiversity characterization and microbial carbon use efficiency (CUE), we investigated how microbial responses to microplastics impacted soil carbon cycling in a long-term field experiment. We showed that biodegradable microplastics promoted soil organic carbon accrual by an average of 2.47%, while nondegradable microplastics inhibited it by 17.4%, as a consequence of the virus–bacteria coadaptations to the microplastics disturbance. In the relevant functional pathways, nondegradable microplastics significantly ( P < 0.05) enhanced the abundance and transcriptional activity related to complex carbohydrate metabolism, whereas biodegradable microplastics significantly ( P < 0.05) promoted functions involved in amino acid metabolism and glycolysis. Accordingly, viral lysis enhanced in nondegradable microplastics treatments to introduce more complex organic compounds to soil dissolved organic matters, thus benefiting the oligotrophs with high carbon metabolic capabilities in exploitation competition. In contrast, biodegradable microplastics enriched viral auxiliary metabolic genes of carbon metabolism through “piggyback-the-winner” strategy, conferring to dominant copiotrophs, enhanced substrate utilization capabilities. These virus–host interactions were also demonstrated in the corresponding soil plastisphere, which would alter microbial resource allocation and metabolism via CUE, affecting carbon storage consequently. Overall, our results underscore the importance of viral–host interactions in understanding the microplastics-dependent carbon storage in the soil ecosystem.
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