Rapid detection of trace nitrobenzene in water via SERS using a portable Raman spectrometer

Nitrobenzene is currently the most widely used explosive substance, and is known for its high toxicity and mutagenicity. It can cause severe environmental and water pollution, posing a risk to public health. Among various explosives analysis methods, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) has the advantages of fast analysis speed, low detection cost, and easy operation, and has become one of the most promising analytical detection methods. Here, we present a portable and reliable sol-based SERS method for the detection of trace amounts of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) in different water bodies. The Meisenheimer complex formed by nitrobenzene and hydrazine hydrate can assemble on unmodified Au nanoparticles in a sol