材料科学
电解质
锂(药物)
适应性
离子
离子电导率
电化学
离子液体
电导率
纳米技术
电极
物理化学
有机化学
医学
生态学
化学
生物
内分泌学
催化作用
作者
Shuang Wan,Weiting Ma,Yutong Wang,Ying Xiao,Shimou Chen
标识
DOI:10.1002/adma.202311912
摘要
Abstract With the continuously growing demand for wide‐range applications, lithium‐ion batteries (LIBs) are increasingly required to work under conditions that deviate from room temperature (RT). However, commercial electrolytes exhibit low thermal stability at high temperatures (HT) and poor dynamic properties at low temperatures (LT), hindering the operation of LIBs under extreme conditions. The bottleneck restricting the practical applications of LIBs has promoted researchers to pay more attention to developing a series of innovative electrolytes. This review primarily covers the design of electrolytes for LIBs from a temperature adaptability perspective. First, the fundamentals of electrolytes concerning temperature, including donor number (DN), dielectric constant, viscosity, conductivity, ionic transport, and theoretical calculations are elaborated. Second, prototypical examples, such as lithium salts, solvent structures, additives, and interfacial layers in both liquid and solid electrolytes, are presented to explain how these factors can affect the electrochemical behavior of LIBs at high or low temperatures. Meanwhile, the principles and limitations of electrolyte design are discussed under the corresponding temperature conditions. Finally, a summary and outlook regarding electrolytes design to extend the temperature adaptability of LIBs are proposed.
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