Coassembly Nanomedicine Mediated by Intermolecular Interactions Between Methotrexate and Baricitinib for Improved Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment

The combination of anti-rheumatoid arthritis (RA) drugs methotrexate (MTX) and baricitinib (BTN) has been reported to improve RA treatment efficacy. However, study on the strategy of combination is elusive when considering the benefit of the synergy between MTX and BTN. In this study, we found that the N-heterocyclic rings in the MTX and BTN offer hydrogen bonds and π–π stacking interactions, driving the formation of exquisite vesicular morphology of nanovesicles, denoted as MB NVs. The MB NVs with the MTX/BTN weight ratio of 2:1, MB NVs (2:1), showed an improved anti-RA effect through the synergy between the anti-inflammatory and antiproliferative responses. This work presents that the intermolecular interactions between drug molecules could mediate the coassembly behavior into nanomedicine as well as the therapy synergy both in vitro and in vivo, which may provide further understanding on the rational design of combination nanomedicine for therapeutic purposes.