Biochar colloids facilitate transport and transformation of Cr(VI) in soil: Active site competition coupling with reduction reaction

生物炭 化学 修正案 胶体 壤土 吸附 环境化学 稻草 吸附 化学工程 土壤水分 无机化学 热解 土壤科学 环境科学 有机化学 工程类 法学 政治学
作者
Ming Chen,Xiang Chen,Xiaoyun Xu,Zibo Xu,Yue Zhang,Bingqing Song,Daniel C.W. Tsang,Nan Xu,Xinde Cao
出处
期刊:Journal of Hazardous Materials [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:440: 129691-129691 被引量:41
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2022.129691
摘要

Biochar has been demonstrated as an efficient amendment for immobilizing contaminants. However, a certain number of micro/nano-scale particles are inevitably present in the fresh or aged biochar, which may facilitate the downward transport of contaminants along the soil profile, posing a detrimental impact on the groundwater. Herein, the effects of biochar colloids derived from wood chip and wheat straw at two temperatures (350 °C and 500 °C) on the transport and transformation of Cr(VI) in soil were investigated. All biochar colloids facilitated the transport of Cr(VI) in a loam clay Ultisol, which was attributed to the competition between biochar colloids and Cr(VI) for the available sorption sites on the soil surface. Wheat straw biochar colloids caused more transport of Cr(VI) than wood chip ones due to the more negative charge and higher polarity, which resulted in stronger electrostatic repulsion and competition with Cr(VI). It is soluble Cr(VI) that dominated the transport of Cr in the effluent solution, however, the particulate Cr(VI) could be reduced into Cr(III) before being carried by biochar colloids for co-transport. The 350 °C biochar colloids had higher electron donating capacities than 500 °C ones, resulting in more reduction of Cr(VI) and more co-transport as biochar colloids-associated Cr(III) in the effluent. Moreover, the more negatively charged 350 °C biochar colloids could also attach more soil Fe oxides, further facilitating the cotransport of Cr via the formation of a binary or ternary complex. Modeling showed the experimental-consistently results that biochar colloids caused 0.5-7.0 times faster transport of Cr(VI) than no biochar colloids in the long-term period. Our findings demonstrate that biochar colloids can enhance transport and transformation of Cr(VI) in soils, which arouse migration risk concern about in-situ remediation of Cr(VI)-contaminated soils by biochar.
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