Advanced biomaterials for the removal of pesticides from water

The present scientific development has a significant effect on the agricultural sector. The use of pesticides is a widespread practice to increase the crop yield to meet the increasing demand of the growing population. Unfortunately, the excessive use of pesticides has posed serious health threats because of their release in an uncontrolled and unmonitored way in water bodies. The consumption of such water contaminated with pesticides affects not only humans but also aquatic life and ultimately the whole ecosystem. Biotransformation and bioremediation are economical as well as environment-friendly approaches to treat the water polluted with pesticides. They utilize biomaterials such as fungi/plants or their related products. Herein, these two processes and associated biomaterials are discussed along with a focus on the plant and fungal enzymatic mechanism which is the core of the bioremediation process.