Association between immigrant concentration and mental health service utilization in the United States over time: A geospatial big data analysis

心理健康 移民 地理空间分析 心理干预 医学 公共卫生 环境卫生 人口 人口学 老年学 地理 精神科 护理部 社会学 地图学 考古
作者
Fengrui Jing,Zhenlong Li,Shan Qiao,Huan Ning,Suhong Zhou,Xiaoming Li
出处
期刊:Health & Place [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:83: 103055-103055 被引量:3
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103055
摘要

Immigrants (foreign-born United States [US] citizens) generally have lower utilization of mental health services compared with US-born counterparts, but extant studies have not investigated the disparities in mental health service utilization within immigrant population nationwide over time. Leveraging mobile phone-based visitation data, we estimated the average mental health utilization in contiguous US census tracts in 2019, 2020, and 2021 by employing two novel outcomes: mental health service visits and visit-to-need ratio (i.e., visits per depression diagnosis). We then investigated the tract-level association between immigration concentration and mental health service utilization outcomes using mixed-effects linear regression models that accounted for spatial lag effects, time effects, and covariates. This study reveals spatial and temporal disparities in mental health service visits and visit-to-need ratio among different levels of immigrant concentration across the US, both before and during the pandemic. Tracts with higher concentrations of Latin American immigrants showed significantly lower mental health service utilization visits and visit-to-need ratio, particularly in the US West. Tracts with Asian and European immigrant concentrations experienced a more significant decline in mental health service utilization visits and visit-to-need ratio from 2019 to 2020 than those with Latin American concentrations. Meanwhile, in 2021, tracts with Latin American concentrations had the least recovery in mental health service utilization visits. The study highlights the potential of geospatial big data for mental health research and informs public health interventions.
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