Recurrence of gallstones: a comprehensive multivariate analysis of clinical and biochemical risk factors in a large Chinese cohort of 16,763 patients

Background Gallstone disease is common, with a prevalence of 5%–22% in Western countries and 6.3%–12.1% in Chinese adults, increasing with age. Postsurgery recurrence is high and analyzing recurrence factors helps identify high-risk patients and preventive strategies. This study explores the differences in stone types and factors associated with postoperative recurrence.