Regulation of Tumor Growth and Invasion in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma by the Tumor Microenvironment Through the Enhancement of IGFBP-3 Expression

Accumulated evidence indicates that interactions among various stromal cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influence cancer progression. Oral cancers not diagnosed at early stages are associated with low five-year survival rates, highlighting the need for substantial improvements in patient outcomes. Understanding the interactions between cancer cells and the tumor microenvironment is crucial for identifying methods and developing treatment strategies that more effectively inhibit tumor progression and metastasis.