Silent no more: a comprehensive review of artificial intelligence, deep learning, and machine learning in facilitating deaf and mute communication

Abstract People who often communicate via sign language are essential to our society and significantly contribute. They struggle with communication mostly because other people, who often do not understand sign language, cannot interact with them. It is necessary to develop a dependable system for automatic sign language recognition. This paper aims to provide a comprehensive review of the advancements in artificial intelligence (AI), deep learning (DL), and machine learning (ML) technologies that have been used to facilitate communication for individuals who are deaf and mute (D–M). This study explores various applications of these technologies, including sign language interpretation, speech recognition, and text-to-speech synthesis. By examining the current state of research and development in AI, ML, and DL for the D–M field, the survey sheds light on the potential and challenges faced in utilizing AI, deep learning, and ML to bridge the communication gap for the D–M community. The findings of this survey will contribute to a greater understanding of the potential impact of these technologies in improving access to communication for individuals who are D–M, thereby aiding in the development of more inclusive and accessible solutions.