Association Between Cross-Stapling Technique In Mechanical Colorectal Anastomosis and Short-term Outcomes

BACKGROUND: The double-stapled technique is the most common method of colorectal anastomosis in minimally invasive surgery. Several modifications to the conventional technique have been described aiming to reduce the intersection between the stapled lines, as the resulting lateral dog-ears are considered as possible risk factors for anastomotic leakage. OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to analyze the outcomes of patients receiving conventional versus modified stapled colorectal anastomosis following minimally invasive surgery. DATA SOURCES: A systematic review was undertaken of the published literature. PubMed/MEDLINE, Web of Science, and EMBASE databases were screened up to July 2023. STUDY SELECTION: Relevant articles were searched according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Articles reporting on the outcomes of patients with modified stapled colorectal reconstruction as compared to the conventional method of double-stapled anastomosis were included. INTERVENTIONS: Conventional double-stapling colorectal anastomosis and modified techniques with reduced intersection between the stapled lines were compared. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The rate of anastomotic leak was the primary endpoint of interest. Perioperative details including postoperative morbidity were also appraised. RESULTS: There were 2537 patients from 12 studies included for data extraction, with no significant differences on age, body mass index and proportion of high American Society of Anesthesiologists Score between patients who had conventional versus modified techniques of reconstructions. The risk of anastomotic leak was 62% lower for the modified procedure compared to the conventional procedure (odds ratio = 0.38 [95% CI: 0.26, 0.56]. The incidences of overall postoperative morbidity (odds ratio = 0.57 [95% CI: 0.45, 0.73] and major morbidity (odds ratio = 0.48 [95% CI: 0.32, 0.72] following were significantly lower than following conventional double-stapled anastomosis. LIMITATIONS: The retrospective nature of most included studies is a main limitation, essentially due to the lack of randomization, and the risk of selection and detection bias. CONCLUSIONS: The available evidence supports the modification of the conventional double-stapled technique with elimination of one of both dog-ears as it is associated with lower incidence of anastomotic-related morbidity.