Graphene Quantum Dot-Based Gold-Nickel Micromotors for Sensitive Detection of Ferric Ions

Abstract The development of nano and micromotors has revolutionized the field of nanotechnology, offering innovative solutions for applications in biomedical engineering, environmental monitoring, and chemical sensing. Among these nano/micromotors, graphene quantum dot (GQD)-based micromotors have gained significant attention due to their unique optical and electronic properties. This study presents the synthesis and characterization of novel graphene quantum dot-based gold-nickel (GQD-Au-Ni) micromotors. These micromotors were synthesized using an electrochemical template deposition process, allowing precise control over their composition and structure. The GQD-Au-Ni micromotors exhibit multifunctionality, employing fluorometric, magnetic, and electrochemical methods for the selective and sensitive detection of ferric ions (Fe³⁺), with a remarkable limit of detection (LOD). The study highlights the potential of these micromotors in environmental monitoring paving the way for future research into multifunctional micromotors for a wide range of applications. The findings underscore the promise of GQD-based systems in advancing sensor technology and addressing critical challenges in environmental and health monitoring.