The Level of Expectations Regarding Aging Among Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Abstract

Objective

To systematically review the level of expectations regarding aging (ERA) among older adults.

Design

Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Setting and Participants

Adults aged 60 years and older in any setting.

Methods

We searched 11 databases for cross-sectional studies that reported ERA scores among older adults using the ERA survey from inception to May 1, 2022, without language restrictions. Two researchers independently selected studies, extracted data, and assessed quality. The mean scores and standard deviations of the ERA survey and its subscales were pooled using the Stata software (version 17.0).

Results

Twelve studies with 3664 participants were included in this study. The pooled mean scores of overall ERA were 37.85 (95% CI, 33.54–42.16). Specifically, the pooled scores for expectations regarding physical health, mental health, and cognitive function were 31.67 (95% CI, 27.42–35.92), 43.69 (95% CI, 38.99–48.39), and 33.28 (95% CI, 29.56–37.00), respectively. No statistically significant differences between groups were observed in any subgroup analysis.

Conclusions and Implications

The level of ERA among older adults is relatively low, particularly concerning cognitive function and physical health dimensions. These findings may provide a valuable reference for public health professionals and policymakers to intervene and manage the health problems of older adults.