Non-layered two-dimensional metalloids

The emergence of innovative two-dimensional (2D) materials that are not layered has ignited a global surge of interest in both fundamental research and practical applications, particularly in the field of optoelectronics. In this chapter, we aim to provide a comprehensive summary of recent advancements in materials and systems centered around non-layered 2D metalloids, which bring fresh and exciting additions to the ever-expanding 2D material family. We initiate our discussion by delving into the common methodologies used to create 2D structures from non-layered materials, with a specific focus on semimetal elements such as Germanium (Ge), Antimony (Sb), Tellurium (Te), among others. Following this, we delve into an exploration of the electronic properties, transport characteristics, and other pivotal attributes associated with these non-layered 2D materials. Lastly, we emphasize the significant challenges that lie ahead in the continuous development of this rapidly advancing research field. We also propose potential strategies to tackle these challenges, aiming to drive further progress and innovation in the study and application of non-layered 2D metalloids.