Photoelectrochemistry and heterogeneous photo-catalysis at semiconductors

The principles and applications of semiconductor electrodes in photo-electrochemical (PEC) cells (liquid junction photovoltaic, photoelectro-synthetic, photocatalytic) are described. Factors important to the design of practical systems and the extension of the principles of PEC cells to particulate systems for carrying out heterogeneous photocatalysis and photosynthesis are discussed. A “dual n-type semiconductor” model of biological photo-synthesis is proposed and possible means of utilization of such a system is described.