Probing the Mysterious Behavior of Tungsten as a Dopant Inside Pristine Cobalt‐Free Nickel‐Rich Cathode Materials

材料科学 掺杂剂 无定形固体 晶界 兴奋剂 微观结构 结晶学 分析化学(期刊) 冶金 化学 光电子学 色谱法
作者
Nafiseh Zaker,Chenxi Geng,Divya Rathore,Ines Hamam,Ning Chen,Penghao Xiao,Chongyin Yang,J. R. Dahn,Gianluigi A. Botton
出处
期刊:Advanced Functional Materials [Wiley]
卷期号:33 (16) 被引量:34
标识
DOI:10.1002/adfm.202211178
摘要

Abstract Nickel‐rich cathode materials with small amounts of tungsten (W) dopants have attracted extensive attention in recent years. However, the chemical state, crystalline form, compound chemistry, and location of W in these layered cathodes are still not well‐understood. In this study, these missing structural properties are determined through a combination of macro‐, to atomic‐sensitive characterization techniques and density functional theory (DFT). W‐doped LiNiO 2 (LNO) particles, prepared with mechanofusion and coprecipitation methods, are used to probe changes in the structure and location of W‐species. The results indicate that W is mainly distributed on the surfaces and inside grain boundaries of the secondary particles, regardless of the doping method. Electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) mapping confirms the simultaneous presence of W, O, with and without Ni in the grain boundaries as well as W‐ and O‐rich regions on the very surface. The W‐rich areas inside the grain boundaries are found to be in two forms, crystalline and amorphous. This paper suggests the presence of kinetically stabilized‐Li 4+x Ni 1‐x WO 6 (x = 0, 0.1) with the possibility of Li x W y O z phases in LNO which are consistent with the electron microscopy, X‐ray absorption and diffraction data. The multiple roles of W in this complex microstructure are discussed considering the W distribution.
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