内群和外群
外群
心理学
社会心理学
存在主义
矛盾心理
身份(音乐)
社会认同理论
感知
亲社会行为
集体偏爱
社会团体
政治学
美学
哲学
神经科学
法学
作者
Johannes Berendt,Esther van Leeuwen,Sebastian Uhrich
标识
DOI:10.1177/01461672231158097
摘要
Social comparison theories suggest that ingroups are strengthened whenever important outgroups are weakened (e.g., by losing status or power). It follows that ingroups have little reason to help outgroups facing an existential threat. We challenge this notion by showing that ingroups can also be weakened when relevant comparison outgroups are weakened, which can motivate ingroups to strategically offer help to ensure the outgroups’ survival as a highly relevant comparison target. In three preregistered studies, we showed that an existential threat to an outgroup with high (vs. low) identity relevance affected strategic outgroup helping via two opposing mechanisms. The potential demise of a highly relevant outgroup increased participants’ perceptions of ingroup identity threat, which was positively related to helping. At the same time, the outgroup’s misery evoked schadenfreude, which was negatively related to helping. Our research exemplifies a group’s secret desire for strong outgroups by underlining their importance for identity formation.
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