脂肪组织
内分泌学
内科学
白色脂肪组织
脂肪因子
脂肪细胞
生物
激素
胰岛素抵抗
G蛋白偶联胆汁酸受体
胰岛素
胆汁酸
医学
作者
Andreas Schmid,Thomas Karrasch,Andréas Schäffler
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.tem.2023.08.002
摘要
The effects of bile acids (BAs) on liver, enteroendocrine function, small intestine, and brown adipose tissue have been described extensively. Outside the liver, BAs in the peripheral circulation system represent a specific but underappreciated physiological compartment. We discuss how systemic BAs can be regarded as specific steroidal hormones that act on white adipocytes, and suggest the name 'bilokines' ('bile hormones') for the specific FXR/TGR5 receptor interaction in adipocytes. Some BAs and their agonists regulate adipocyte differentiation, lipid accumulation, hypoxia, autophagy, adipokine and cytokine secretion, insulin signaling, and glucose uptake. BA signaling could provide a new therapeutic avenue for adipoflammation and metaflammation in visceral obesity, the causal mechanisms underlying insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D).
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