Efficacy of genotypic susceptibility‐guided tailored therapy for Helicobacter pylori infection: A systematic review and single arm meta‐analysis

Abstract Background and Aim The prevalence of antibiotic resistance for Helicobacter pylori ( H. pylori ) has been increasing over the year, making it more difficult for traditional empirical therapy to successfully eradicate H. pylori . Thus, tailored therapy (TT) guided by molecular‐based antibiotic susceptibility testing (AST) has been frequently recommended. We conducted a single‐arm meta‐analysis to determine the efficacy of tailored therapy guided by molecular‐based AST. Methods A systematic literature review was performed on multiple databases, and studies on molecular‐based TT were included. The eradication rates of TT by intention‐to‐treat (ITT) and per‐protocol (PP) analyses were pooled respectively. Results A total of 35 studies from 31 literature (4626 patients) were included in the single‐arm meta‐analysis. Overall, the pooled eradication rate of TT was 86.9% (95% CI:84.7%–89.1%) by the ITT analysis, and 91.5% (95% CI:89.8%–93.2%) by PP analysis. The pooled eradication rates of first‐line TT and rescue TT were 86.6% and 85.1% by ITT analysis and 92.0% and 87.9% by PP analysis, respectively. When tailored rescue therapy was based on the genotypic resistance to at least four antibiotics, the pooled eradication rates reached 89.4% by ITT analysis and 92.1% by PP analysis. For genotype‐susceptive strains, the pooled eradication rate of TT with targeted antibiotics was 93.1% (95% CI:91.3%–94.9%), among which the pooled eradication rate of tailored bismuth quadruple therapy was the highest (94.3%). Besides, the eradication rate of 7‐day TT or tailored triple therapy without bismuth for genotype‐susceptive strains could both reach more than 93.0%. Conclusion Tailored therapy guided by molecular‐based AST can achieve somewhat ideal therapeutic outcomes. TT with a 7‐day duration or without bismuth for genotype‐susceptible strains can achieve good eradication efficacy. The effectiveness of TT can be improved to some extent by expanding the coverage of AST or by adding bismuth.