Antibody Recognition Profile-Aided Hapten Design to Modulate Antibody Generation with Anticipated Performance for Immunoassay Development

The hapten design to chemical compound currently considered only structural aspects of targets may suffer from the failure of antibody generation with anticipated performances, especially for broad-specific antibodies. To address the problem, this study proposed a novel strategy, named antibody recognition profile-aided hapten design (ARPHD), based on clues from both reported antibodies, haptens, and targets after uncovering antibody recognition profiles using fluorfenicol (FF) and fluorfenicol amine (FFA) as model analytes in this work. Specifically, we confirmed that the fluorine atom promoted the generation of antibodies to FFA, while the -COCHCl