Profiling of phospholipid classes and molecular species in human milk, bovine milk, and goat milk by UHPLC-Q-TOF-MS

This study aimed to identify differences of lipidome and fatty acid composition among human, bovine and caprine milk fat globule membrane (MFGM) using a lipidomics approach. In total, 11 lipid classes were determined, including PC, PE, SM, PG, PI, PS, Cer, PA, HexCer, Hex2Cer and CL. Using positive and negative ionization modes, 73 and 156 common significantly differential lipid species were identified in three typical MFGM. The oleic acid (C18:1) was the dominant fatty acid in human (28.29 ± 0.04 g/100 g) and caprine (35.71 ± 0.02 g/100 g) MFGM, whereas Palmitic acid (C16:0, 29.13 ± 0.07 g/100 g) was the dominant fatty acid in bovine MFGM. In addition, there was no significant difference in long chain fatty acids between human MFGM and caprine milk. Overall, the results provide essential insights into differential lipids characterization in MFGM, along with a theoretical basis for the design of new infant formula.