Simultaneous alleviating oxidative stress and scavenging uric acid via Janus polyethersulfone hemodialysis membrane loaded with urate oxidase-like nanoenzyme

The decline of renal function for the patients with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) leads to the loss of uric acid excretion, which may reduce the prognosis of patients and increase mortality. Although hemodialysis could remove most uric acid, the long-term hemodialysis patients commonly face the problems of exacerbating oxidative stress and subsequent complications such as inflammation effects. In this work, urate oxidase-like (UOD-like) nanoenzyme is added to the blood side of polyethersulfone (PES) hemodialysis membrane by a simple double-casting phase inversion method, aiming to simultaneously achieve antioxidation and scavenge uric acid. The results demonstrate that the Janus PES/UOD membrane exhibits the ability to scavenge RNS (ABTS+, 59.75 %) and ROS (H2O2, 97.76 %; OH, 74.45 %), while efficiently clears 54.62% uric acid. In addition, the membrane has good blood compatibility and does not cause hemolysis, complement activation, or coagulation. Furthermore, the membrane exhibits the water flux of 56.83 mL/m2·h·mmHg, the urea clearance ratio of 95.33 %, and the BSA retention ratio of 99 %. Overall, we develop a promising hemodialysis membrane with antioxidant, and it opens a new route to fabricate multifunctional hemodialysis membranes.