鱼类学
地质学
古生态学
奥陶纪
痕迹化石
古生物学
生物集群灭绝
中国
消光(光学矿物学)
古地理学
地理
考古
生物扩散
人口
人口学
社会学
火山作用
构造学
作者
Yang Liao,Xueqian Feng,Zijie Zheng,Zheng Zemin,Hongfei Chen,Zhong‐Qiang Chen
摘要
Exceptionally preserved complex burrows are described from the lower Silurian of South China, and they are identified as Asterosoma ludwigae Schlirf, 2000, which is characterized by the straight or curved bulbs that bud from an axial, vertical or horizontal, cylindrical burrow following a dichotomous or fan-like pattern. Striae and concentric lamination of burrow fills indicate that the special mining behaviour of the tracemaker reflects appendages that imprinted the burrow wall during their activities, speculating that polychaetes or holothuroides could be strong candidates of the tracemaker of A . ludwigae . Abundant organic-matter-rich peloids and muddy matrix in burrow fills may consist of tracemaker's secretions or excrement. Abundant extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) and clay minerals in filling sediment indicate the possible presence of microbes, implying that Asterosoma is not a simple fodinichnion, but rather created a beneficial symbiosis between tracemakers and microbes in burrows. Phanerozoic spatiotemporal distributions indicate that Asterosoma was distributed in broad habitats from deep sea to delta, but showed a strong preference for the shallow sea. Compilation of new ichnofossils and previously reported ichnotaxa from South China reveals that ichnospecies richness, burrow size and complexity all increased significantly during the late Aeronian, indicating a full recovery after the late Ordovician mass extinction.
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