癌症免疫疗法
Boosting(机器学习)
CpG寡核苷酸
免疫疗法
纳米材料
化学
癌症
癌症研究
纳米技术
医学
计算机科学
内科学
材料科学
生物化学
人工智能
基因
基因表达
DNA甲基化
作者
Zhiyu Zhang,Lu Yu,Jing Wang,Yuanyu Huang
出处
期刊:PubMed
日期:2024-10-03
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.09.044
摘要
Cancer immunotherapy aims to improve immunity to not only eliminate the primary tumor but also inhibit metastasis and recurrence. It is considered an extremely promising therapeutic approach that breaks free from the traditional paradigm of oncological treatment. As the medical community learns more about the immune system's mechanisms that "turn off the brake" and "step on the throttle", there is increasingly successful research on immunomodulators. However, there are still more restrictions than countermeasures with immunotherapy related to immunomodulators, such as low responsiveness and immune-related adverse events that cause multiple adverse reactions. Therefore, medical experts and materials scientists attempted to the efficacy of immunomodulatory treatments through various methods, especially nanomaterial-assisted strategies. CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (CpG) not only act as an adjuvant to promote immune responses, but also induce autophagy. In this review, the enhancement of immunotherapy using nanomaterial-based CpG formulations is systematically elaborated, with a focus on the delivery, protection, synergistic promotion of CpG efficacy by nanomaterials, and selection of the timing of treatment. In addition, we also discuss and prospect the existing problems and future directions of research on nanomaterials in auxiliary CpG therapy.
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