Isolation of highly copper-resistant bacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal fields and description of a novel species Marinobacter metalliresistant sp. nov

Introduction Hydrothermal vents, rich in heavy metals, provided a unique niche for heavy metal resistant microbes. However, knowledge about copper resistant microbes in deep sea hydrothermal vents is still limited. Methods The copper-resistant bacteria were isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vent samples and conducted thorough physical, phylogenetic, and genomic analyses to elucidate their copper resistance capability and related genes. Results Twelve highly copper-resistant bacteria (up to 6-10 mM) were isolated from deep sea hydrothermal fields They were affiliated with the Pseudoalteromonas (4), Marinobacter (3), Halomonas (2), Psychrobacter (1), and Pseudomonas (1) genus in the α-Proteobacteria, and the Sphingomonas (1) genus in the β-Proteobacteria. The presence of copper in the medium obviously induced the amount of polysaccharides and proteins in the crude extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by Halomonas sp. CuT 3-1, Pseudoalteromonas sp. CuT 4-3 and Marinobacter metalliresistant CuT 6, which could absorb 40 to 50 mg•g −1 copper. We further described a novel species, Marinobacter metalliresistant sp. nov. CuT 6 T , which exhibited a higher copper resistance and encoded more heavy metal resistance-related genes than other Marinobacter species. Discussion It revealed that the copper resistance capability exhibited by these strains in hydrothermal fields is likely attributed to the production of exopolymeric substances, such as polysaccharides and proteins, as well as active transport or efflux mechanisms for heavy metals.