Perovskite micro-/nanoarchitecture for photonic applications

The hybrid perovskite family characterized by exciting optoelectronic properties and chemical/physical versatilities holds potential for photonic applications. In addition to materials, the micro-/nanoarchitectures are critical to photonic-related properties (reflection/scattering/trapping/extraction/resonance/modulation) and spatially patterned arrays by photon-matter-structure interactions. The abundant processing strategies—covering in situ crystallization, the pre-synthesized nanocrystals (NCs), and vapor deposition—evolve kaleidoscopic perovskite architectures and photonic properties resulting from extensive experimental and theoretical efforts in various fields. Here, we review the perovskite micro-/nanoarchitectures with regard to photonic applications. We start with the perovskite materials, structure, and related optical dimensions, then systematically illustrate the top-down and bottom-up micro-/nanopatterning techniques including direct generation, indirect replication, and others to take full use of perovskite’s unique processing advantages and optoelectronic properties. We discuss the intrinsic material emission and photo-matter-structure interaction originating from micro-/nanoarchitecture to promote patterning/structuring photon-emitting, -sensing, and -modulating applications.