Biomarkers in Urolithiasis

A variety of biomarkers have been studied in the setting of conditions and scenarios related to kidney stone disease. These biomarkers are commonly serum markers, novel urinary proteins, and inflammatory whose use is aimed at providing clinicians with additional information of underlying processes and improving detection and stratification of patients with kidney stones, acute ureteral obstruction, stone passage, and related infectious complications. Their adoption has been limited, and further evidence is required to determine their role in the care of patients with stone disease.