The clinical significance of PD-1 expression in patients with bladder cancer without lymph node metastasis: a comparative study with drained lymph nodes and tumor tissues

In light of the increasing importance of immunotherapy in bladder cancer treatment, this study is aim to investigate the expression and clinical significance of programmed cell surface death-1 (PD-1) in bladder cancer patients without lymph node metastasis, and to compare and analyze the difference of PD-1 in draining lymph nodes and tumor tissues.