High-Throughput Screening of Functional Neo-Antigens and Their Specific T-Cell Receptors via the Jurkat Reporter System Combined with Droplet Microfluidics

T-cell receptor (TCR)-engineered T cells can precisely recognize a broad repertoire of targets derived from both intracellular and surface proteins of tumor cells. TCR-T adoptive cell therapy has shown safety and promising efficacy in solid tumor immunotherapy. However, antigen-specific functional TCR screening is time-consuming and expensive, which limits its application clinically. Here, we developed a novel integrated antigen–TCR screening platform based on droplet microfluidic technology, enabling high-throughput peptide–major histocompatibility complex (pMHC)-to-TCR paired screening with a high sensitivity and low background signal. We introduced DNA barcoding technology to label peptide antigen candidate-loaded antigen-presenting cells and Jurkat reporter cells to check the specificity of pMHC–TCR candidates. Coupled with the next-generation sequencing pipeline, interpretation of the DNA barcodes and the gene expression level of the Jurkat T-cell activation pathway provided a clear peptide–MHC–TCR recognition relationship. Our proof-of-principle study demonstrates that the platform could achieve pMHC–TCR paired high-throughput screening, which is expected to be used in the cross-reactivity and off-target high-throughput paired testing of candidate pMHC–TCRs in clinical applications.