Chimeric Antigen Receptor T-Cell Therapy for Solid Tumors

We review chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapy for solid tumors . We discuss patient selection factors and aspects of clinical management. We describe challenges including physical and molecular barriers to trafficking CAR-Ts, an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment , and difficulty finding cell surface target antigens. The application of new approaches in synthetic biology and cellular engineering toward solid tumor CAR-Ts is described. Finally, we summarize reported and ongoing clinical trials of CAR-T therapies for select disease sites such as head and neck (including thyroid cancer), lung, central nervous system (glioblastoma, neuroblastoma , glioma), sarcoma, genitourinary (prostate, renal, bladder , kidney), breast and ovarian cancer.