Microgrid Dynamic Modeling: Concepts and Fundamentals

Microgrids (MGs) represent small-scale power grids, which are implemented in low/medium voltages. This chapter provides basic concepts and fundamentals of MG dynamic modeling and addresses terminology, concepts, and classification of dynamics and modeling of MGs. It explores fundamental analysis tools and corresponding requirements including state-space modeling, module interconnection, detailed modeling, and simplification (order reduction) methods. Transfer function (TF) is a simple modeling method for low-order linear single-input single-output systems, which can be extended as a TF matrix for multivariable systems. Various load types may be supplied in an MG, which leads to the appearance of different dynamics. Electrical loads can be classified into three groups, i.e. constant impedance loads, constant current loads, and constant power loads. The energy storage systems are important players in modern power systems and microgrids to improve the intermittent output power of RESs, represent ancillary services in different layers of the power system.