A systematic review of motivations, attitudes, learning outcomes, and parental involvement in social network sites in education across 15 years

Despite the growing popularity of social network sites (SNSs) in educational settings, there has been a lack of comprehensive review studies focused on the effects of SNSs used for educational purposes. This study seeks to address this gap by examining the impact of SNS use on motivations, attitudes, learning outcomes, and parental involvement, which have been infrequently studied in previous research. Employing a systematic review based on the protocol of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA), our findings indicate that the use of SNSs has the potential to enhance learners' motivations, engender positive attitudes, and improve learning outcomes. However, it is also observed that parental involvement may complicate SNS-assisted learning outcomes. Consequently, this study explores methods for improving SNS-assisted learning motivations, attitudes, and outcomes, as well as the effects of parental involvement on SNS-assisted learning. Future research directions are discussed.