Abstract Due to special compositions and structures, polymer membrane materials usually show a variety of excellent functions. However, the hardness of polymer materials are much lower than inorganic materials, so they are easy to suffer external damage in the process of use. The damaged polymer material will lose its original function and become unable to continue to use, which will have a serious impact on our production and life. Therefore, it is one of the most effective methods to extend the service life and improve the functional reliability of polymer functional materials to endue them with self-healing properties. In this paper, the principle, classification and research results of self-healing membrane are introduced. In particular, this paper explores the application of microcapsule self-healing technology in membrane field, conclude the influence of various components of microcapsule self-healing technology on membrane properties, and discuss the self-healing technology of cellulose membrane and polyethersulfone membrane. In addition, the author also pointed out the development direction of self-healing technique in membrane field.