Chitosan: Structural modification, biological activity and application

甲壳素 壳聚糖 糖苷键 氨基葡萄糖 化学 生物相容性 多糖 纳米纤维素 纤维素 抗菌活性 保健品 化学改性 纳米技术 有机化学 食品科学 生物化学 材料科学 细菌 生物 遗传学
作者
Wenjie Wang,Changhu Xue,Xiangzhao Mao
出处
期刊:International Journal of Biological Macromolecules [Elsevier BV]
卷期号:164: 4532-4546 被引量:465
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.09.042
摘要

Many by-products that are harmful to the environment and human health are generated during food processing. However, these wastes are often potential resources with high-added value. For example, crustacean waste contains large amounts of chitin. Chitin is one of the most abundant polysaccharides in natural macromolecules, and is a typical component of crustaceans, mollusks, insect exoskeleton and fungal cell walls. Chitosan is prepared by deacetylation of chitin and a copolymer of D-glucosamine and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine through β-(1 → 4)-glycosidic bonds. Chitosan has better solubility, biocompatibility and degradability compared with chitin. This review introduces the preparation, physicochemical properties, chemical and physical modification methods of chitosan, which could help us understand its biological activities and applications. According to the latest reports, the antibacterial activity, antioxidant, immune and antitumor activities of chitosan and its derivatives are summarized. Simultaneously, the various applications of chitosan and its derivatives are reviewed, including food, chemical, textile, medical and health, and functional materials. Finally, some insights into its future potential are provided, including novel modification methods, directional modification according to structure-activity relationship, activity and application development direction, etc.
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