Hepatoprotective effect of Centella asiatica 50% ethanol extract against acetaminophen-induced acute liver injury in BALB/c mice

N-acetyl-p-aminophenol (acetaminophen, APAP) is a well-known component of analgesic and antipyretic monotherapy products. However, exceeding the recommended dose can lead to serious injury to the liver. We conducted this study to determine the potential of Centella asiatica as a natural substance to protect against APAP-induced liver injury. When acute hepatotoxicity was induced in mice by APAP overdose, their liver weight decreased significantly (p < 0.05). However, mice treated with C. asiatica 50% ethanol extract (CA-HE50, 200 mg/kg) for a week before induction of hepatotoxicity by APAP had similar liver weights to those of mice in which hepatotoxicity was not induced. In particular, levels of aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and lactate dehydrogenase, which are biomarkers of liver injury, were significantly increased by APAP and dose-dependently decreased by CA-HE50 (p < 0.05). Glutathione and malondialdehyde, indicators of oxidative stress, were significantly changed by APAP and CA-HE50 (p < 0.05). In addition, hepatic necrosis and expression of genes encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, and IL-4) induced by APAP were inhibited by CA-HE50, and these results were dose-dependent. Through our in vivo studies, we found that CA-HE50 can help prevent APAP-induced hepatic tissue injury in BALB/c mice. Furthermore, CA-HE50 was effective at protecting RAW 264.7 cells from lipopolysaccharide-induced cytotoxicity and inhibiting the release of nitric oxide from these cells; in particular, asiaticoside was found to be a key component of CA-HE50 responsible for these effects. Therefore, we suggest that CA-HE50 has potential applications in functional health foods and drugs.