Bioinformatic Reconstruction and Analysis of Gene Networks Related to Glucose Variability in Diabetes and Its Complications

Glucose variability (GV) has been recognized recently as a promoter of complications and therapeutic targets in diabetes. The aim of this study was to reconstruct and analyze gene networks related to GV in diabetes and its complications. For network analysis, we used the ANDSystem that provides automatic network reconstruction and analysis based on text mining. The network of GV consisted of 37 genes/proteins associated with both hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia. Cardiovascular system, pancreas, adipose and muscle tissues, gastrointestinal tract, and kidney were recognized as the loci with the highest expression of GV-related genes. According to Gene Ontology enrichment analysis, these genes are associated with insulin secretion, glucose metabolism, glycogen biosynthesis, gluconeogenesis, MAPK and JAK-STAT cascades, protein kinase B signaling, cell proliferation, nitric oxide biosynthesis, etc. GV-related genes were found to occupy central positions in the networks of diabetes complications (cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, retinopathy, and neuropathy) and were associated with response to hypoxia. Gene prioritization analysis identified new gene candidates (THBS1, FN1, HSP90AA1, EGFR, MAPK1, STAT3, TP53, EGF, GSK3B, and PTEN) potentially involved in GV. The results expand the understanding of the molecular mechanisms of the GV phenomenon in diabetes and provide molecular markers and therapeutic targets for future research.