超级电容器
电容
过渡金属
材料科学
电解质
储能
化学工程
纳米技术
尖晶石
价(化学)
电极
无机化学
化学
冶金
催化作用
物理化学
热力学
有机化学
功率(物理)
工程类
物理
作者
M. I. A. Abdel Maksoud,Ramy Amer Fahim,Ahmed Esmail Shalan,M. Abd Elkodous,Samuel Oluwaseun Olojede,Ahmed I. Osman,Charlie Farrell,Ala’a H. Al-Muhtaseb,A. S. Awed,Ahmed Ashour,David Rooney
标识
DOI:10.1007/s10311-020-01075-w
摘要
Abstract Supercapacitors are increasingly used for energy conversion and storage systems in sustainable nanotechnologies. Graphite is a conventional electrode utilized in Li-ion-based batteries, yet its specific capacitance of 372 mA h g −1 is not adequate for supercapacitor applications. Interest in supercapacitors is due to their high-energy capacity, storage for a shorter period and longer lifetime. This review compares the following materials used to fabricate supercapacitors: spinel ferrites, e.g., MFe 2 O 4 , MMoO 4 and MCo 2 O 4 where M denotes a transition metal ion; perovskite oxides; transition metals sulfides; carbon materials; and conducting polymers. The application window of perovskite can be controlled by cations in sublattice sites. Cations increase the specific capacitance because cations possess large orbital valence electrons which grow the oxygen vacancies. Electrodes made of transition metal sulfides, e.g., ZnCo 2 S 4 , display a high specific capacitance of 1269 F g −1 , which is four times higher than those of transition metals oxides, e.g., Zn–Co ferrite, of 296 F g −1 . This is explained by the low charge-transfer resistance and the high ion diffusion rate of transition metals sulfides. Composites made of magnetic oxides or transition metal sulfides with conducting polymers or carbon materials have the highest capacitance activity and cyclic stability. This is attributed to oxygen and sulfur active sites which foster electrolyte penetration during cycling, and, in turn, create new active sites.
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