Eulerian Modeling of the Three‐Dimensional Distribution of Seven Popular Microplastic Types in the Global Ocean

塑料污染 微塑料 碎片 海洋环流 海洋废弃物 垃圾 海洋学 地质学 海床 水柱 拉格朗日 环境科学 亚热带 生态学 计算机科学 生物 物理 程序设计语言 数学物理
作者
Alethea S. Mountford,M. Á. Morales Maqueda
出处
期刊:Journal Of Geophysical Research: Oceans [Wiley]
卷期号:124 (12): 8558-8573 被引量:114
标识
DOI:10.1029/2019jc015050
摘要

Abstract Detailing the distribution of past and future plastic debris in the marine environment has become a pressing challenge. Plastic pollution poses a potential threat to marine organisms and the marine environment as a whole. Previous studies using Lagrangian particle models have identified five garbage patches within subtropical ocean gyres, with the possibility of a sixth garbage patch within the Barents Sea. We present the first coarse resolution three‐dimensional plastic distribution model to use an Eulerian approach. It considers seven plastic components, three of them buoyant and four nonbuoyant, based upon real world plastic types. Our control results support the observations of positively buoyant plastic accumulations within the five garbage patches. However, there is no evidence of a sixth garbage patch in the Barents Sea. Meanwhile, our simulations reveal a previously unreported accumulation of plastic in the Gulf of Guinea. The negatively buoyant plastic tends to accumulate within the deepest regions of the sea floor, loosely following the bathymetry. In two further experiments, we introduce idealized plastic removal rates to simulate the proportion of plastics that are sequestered within sediments once they reach the sea floor. The results of the simulations show that substantial quantities of plastic debris are subject to vertical transport in the ocean and are therefore present throughout the water column as well as on the sea floor. A final experiment, focusing on neutrally buoyant plastics, shows the potentially ubiquitous presence of small microplastics and nanoplastics in the water column.
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