Cytogenetics

The most picturesque way to visualize and study chromosomes is the cytogenomic approach of cytogenetics. Here, a definition for cytogenetics is provided, a short historical overview is given, and materials suited and methods to study them are summarized, together with advantages and restrictions of cytogenetic techniques. Furthermore, applications in human routine diagnostics, as well as in research, are outlined. Finally, the possibilities of glass-needle-based microdissection and chromosome stretching for cytogenetic research are discussed. In conclusion, cytogenetics is an important player within the concert of cytogenomic approaches, providing a genome-wise screening tool for minor to gross genomic changes on a single-cell level.