Application of PET as a non-metallic liner for the 6.8 L type-4 cylinder based on the hydrogen cycling test

This study aims to find the evidence that polyethylene terephthalate (PET) is pertinent, with respect to the risk of thermal degradation during fueling, as a liner material of a type-4 composite cylinder for storing 6.8 L of compressed hydrogen. In particular, one type-4 cylinder with the PET liner of thickness 0.6 mm and one type-3 cylinder for comparison have simultaneously undergone 6 cycles of fast fueling (0.15 MPa/s) and fast defueling (0.55 MPa/s) with hydrogen gas in the range of 2 to 45 MPa. The hydrogen temperatures in cylinders, which were measured by a specially-devised thermocouple inserted in each cylinder, change within the range of −30.0 to 70.0 °C. Although the temperature in the type-4 cylinder rises higher than that in the type-3 cylinder due to the lower heat conductivity of PET, it does not exceed 85 °C, which is the limit set by the international standards, EC No. 79. Furthermore, from the measurements of the deformation by the laser displacement sensors, the type-4 cylinder swells less than the type-3 cylinder. The pressure-displacement analysis shows that the deformation of type-4 cylinders occurs reversibly, i.e., defueling makes the cylinder regain its previous shape. In essence, PET is safe against thermal degradation when applied as a liner of a 6.8 L type-4 cylinder for hydrogen storage.