效应器
第二信使系统
生物
生物膜
背景(考古学)
细胞生物学
信号转导
鸟苷
细胞内
鸟苷酸
群体感应
生物化学
细菌
核苷酸
遗传学
基因
古生物学
作者
Chelsea D. Boyd,George A. O’Toole
标识
DOI:10.1146/annurev-cellbio-101011-155705
摘要
The second messenger bis-(3'-5')-cyclic dimeric guanosine monophosphate (c-di-GMP) has emerged as a broadly conserved intracellular signaling molecule. This soluble molecule is important for controlling biofilm formation, adhesion, motility, virulence, and cell morphogenesis in diverse bacterial species. But how is the typical bacterial cell able to coordinate the actions of upward of 50 proteins involved in synthesizing, degrading, and binding c-di-GMP? Understanding the specificity of c-di-GMP signaling in the context of so many enzymes involved in making, breaking, and binding the second messenger will be possible only through mechanistic studies of its output systems. Here we discuss three newly characterized c-di-GMP effector systems that are best understood in terms of molecular and structural detail. As they are conserved across many bacterial species, they likely will serve as central paradigms for c-di-GMP output systems and contribute to our understanding of how bacteria control critical aspects of their biology.
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