Cathodal high-definition transcranial direct current stimulation (HD-tDCS) over the dorsomedial prefrontal cortex increases frontal related negativity amplitude during reversal learning

Introduction: The dorsomedial prefrontal cortex (dmPFC) is importantly involved in feedback monitoring during learning, and is normally activated during positive feedback and deactivated when reinforcement contingencies change (reversal). Electrophysiological responses, specifically feedback-related negativity (FRN), has been found to be sensitive to negative feedback and its amplitude is larger for outcomes that are worse than expected. However, to date brain stimulation manipulations over the dmPFC to explore its contribution on reversal learning and its electrophysiological response have not been investigated yet.