Deformation processed high strength high conductivity Cu and Al matrix composite wires: An introductory review

Deformation processed wires are used in the fields which demand the combination of contradictory properties such as mechanical strength and electrical conductivity. For the last 4–5 decades, scientists have focused on fabricating Cu and Al matrix wires using various plastic deformation techniques. While the high electrical conductivity is ensured through mentioned elements, the strength is achieved by orderly employment of plastic deformation and various heat treatments for basically achieving microscale filamentary structure of reinforcing elements. However, the strict selection criteria of starting materials and contradicting nature of processing regime and expected properties require proper knowledge of materials-microstructure and fabrication-property correlations. This paper summarizes the manufacturing methods, processing parameters-microstructure interactions, consequential mechanical and electrical properties and finally, current, and potential applications of deformation processed bi-metallic composite wires. It will help engineers, through provided comparative analysis, choose appropriate processing routes and starting materials for the realization of high strength/conductivity wires as well as guide what to expect in terms of targeted properties.