Advances in Micro-Fabricated Fiber Bragg Grating for Detection of Physical, Chemical, and Biological Parameters—A Review

Fiber optic sensors are widely used in environmental sensing because of their high precision, compact size, remote operation, chemical inertness and multiplexing capabilities. This paper reviews the design, fabrication, and deployment of fiber optic sensors for various applications using grating technology. We conclude with a review of different applications, focusing on environmental factors, hazardous gases, volatile organic compounds biomolecules, marine salinity, and civil structure health monitoring. Our main objective is to provide a complete review of current solutions for humidity, temperature, and other environmental conditions using fiber grating sensors along with a summary of potential future research directions. This paper focuses on fiber grating-based devices and analyze the current state of precedent and existing research around the world as well as the hurdles that lie in the way of their speedy advancement in this field.