White opaque substance within superficial elevated gastric neoplasia as visualized by magnification endoscopy with narrow-band imaging: a new optical sign for differentiating between adenoma and carcinoma

Background

The microvascular pattern (MVP) as visualized by magnification endoscopy (ME) is a reliable marker for differentiating between benign and malignant gastric flat lesions. However, in cases of gastric neoplasia of 0-IIa type, it is sometimes impossible to visualize the MVP because a white opaque substance (WOS) obscures the subepithelial MVP.

Objective

To investigate whether the morphology of the WOS could be a useful optical sign for discriminating between adenoma and carcinoma.

Setting

Single tertiary referral center.

Materials

Forty-six gastric neoplasias of only 0-IIa type (18 adenomas and 28 early carcinomas) were evaluated.

Intervention

The prevalence and the morphology of the WOS as visualized by ME with narrow-band imaging (NBI) according to histologic type (adenoma vs carcinoma).

Main Outcome Measurements

The WOS is more frequently present in adenomas than in carcinomas. With regard to the morphology of the WOS, 100% of the examples of WOS within adenomas demonstrated a regular distribution; in contrast, 83% of the examples of WOS within carcinomas showed an irregular distribution.

Results

In cases in which a neoplasia of 0-IIa type showed either WOS with a regular distribution or a regular MVP, the sensitivity and specificity for discriminating adenoma from carcinoma were 94% and 96%, respectively.

Limitations

The number of cases was limited. The WOS has not yet been characterized by chemical analysis.

Conclusion

In cases in which the WOS is observed, rather than assessing the MVP, morphologic analysis of the WOS could be an alternative new optical sign for discriminating adenoma from carcinoma when using ME with NBI.