A model of memristor-based quaternion-valued fuzzy neural networks (MQVFNNs) with delayed impulses and time-varying delays is established, and the synchronization issue is investigated in this paper. Firstly, to avoid non-commutativity, the MQVFNNs are decomposed into real-valued delayed impulsive neural networks. Secondly, a novel lemma for delayed impulsive system is introduced based on Halanay differential inequality. Then, by employing the theory of differential inclusion and the proposed lemma, some sufficient conditions are deduced to guarantee the global exponential synchronization of memristive quaternion-valued fuzzy neural networks under a simple delayed nonlinear control scheme. Finally, a numerical simulation is given to demonstrate the effectiveness of our theoretical results.