Posterior Pedicle Screw Fixation With Indirect Decompression Versus Direct Decompression in Treating Thoracolumbar Burst Fracture: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

To compare the safety and efficacy between posterior pedicle screw fixation with direct versus indirect decompression in treating patients with thoracolumbar burst fracture. This study was conducted on the basis of PRISMA Statement. We systematically searched the PubMed and Embase databases up to July 3, 2023. Relevant studies comparing indirect decompression and direct decompression were recruited. Weighted mean differences (WMDs), odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were analyzed for continuous and dichotomous data, respectively. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. The operation time (WMD: -37.14, 95% CI: [-42.64, 31.64], P<0.00001, I2=0%) and intraoperative blood loss (WMD: -316.82, 95% CI: [-469.80, -163.85], P<0.0001, I2=99%) of indirect decompression group were significantly lower. Percentage of anterior vertebral body height (WMD: 3.98, 95% CI: [2.36, 5.60], P<0.00001, I2 = 32%) and encroachment rate of the spinal canal (WMD: 1.48, 95% CI: [0.56, 2.40], P =0.002, I2 = 35%) of indirect decompression group were significantly higher. No statistical difference was identified in grades of neurological recovery and Cobb angle. Posterior pedicle screw fixation with indirect decompression was safe and effective for thoracolumbar burst fracture with or without neurological deficits when posterior longitudinal ligament was intact.