Interpreting Cancer Incidence Rates and Trends: A Review of Control Factors and Worldwide Statistics

Abstract Objective: Nutrition, lifestyle and environment are the main factors affecting the risk of cancer and the global burden of this disease. Although these factors are generally recognized among the general public and medical professionals, the exact root causes and the mechanisms involved are not clearly defined with the aim of control, and as a result, cancer incidence rates are increasing globally. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of risk factors, protective measures and statistical data related to the risk of cancer, considering the main causes. Data Sources: This article reviews the literature to address the most important control factors associated with cancer prevention and control for some of the most common types of cancer in the lung, breast, colon, stomach, prostate, cervix, and skin. Study Selection: To have a reliable interpretation, the latest statistics on age-standardized cancer incidence rates published by the International Agency for Research on Cancer are analyzed according to specific root causes. Results: Understanding the exact causes of cancer provides a basis for more effective approaches to potential cancer prevention and control strategies. Conclusion: Many cases of cancer are controlled by nutritional, lifestyle and environmental factors, and by identifying and effectively controlling the main control factors, the risk of cancer can be significantly reduced.