Lactic acid bacteria-derived exopolysaccharide: Formation, immunomodulatory ability, health effects, and structure-function relationship

乳酸 细菌 生物 食品科学 生物化学 乳酸菌 单糖 公认安全 抗菌剂 多糖 明串珠菌 糖苷键 微生物学 发酵 遗传学
作者
Jie Zhang,Yue Xiao,Li Wang,Hao Zhang,Wei Chen,Wenwei Lu
出处
期刊:Microbiological Research [Elsevier]
卷期号:274: 127432-127432 被引量:32
标识
DOI:10.1016/j.micres.2023.127432
摘要

Exopolysaccharides (EPSs) synthesized by lactic acid bacteria (LAB) have implications for host health and act as food ingredients. Due to the variability of LAB-EPS (lactic acid bacteria-derived exopolysaccharide) gene clusters, especially the glycosyltransferase genes that determine monosaccharide composition, the structure of EPS is very rich. EPSs are synthesized by LAB through the extracellular synthesis pathway and the Wzx/Wzy-dependent pathway. LAB-EPS has a strong immunomodulatory ability. The EPSs produced by different genera of LAB, especially Lactobacillus, Leuconostoc, and Streptococcus, have different immunomodulatory abilities because of their specific structures. LAB-EPS possesses other health effects, including antitumor, antioxidant, intestinal barrier repair, antimicrobial, antiviral, and cholesterol-lowering activities. The bioactivities of LAB-EPS are tightly related to their structures such us monosaccharide composition, glycosidic bonds, and molecular weight (MW). For the excellent physicochemical property, LAB-EPS acts as product improvers in dairy, bakery food, and meat in terms of stability, emulsification, thickening, and gelling. We systematically summarize the detailed process of EPS from synthesis to application, with emphasis on physiological mechanisms of EPS, and specific structure-function relationship, which provides theoretical support for the potential commercial value in the pharmaceutical, chemical, food, and cosmetic industries.
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