Evaluating the Need for Intensive Care Admission After Supraglottoplasty for Severe Laryngomalacia

Objective Postoperative airway concerns persist despite a low rate of post‐supraglottoplasty complications for children with laryngomalacia. The objective of this study is to determine the factors associated with the need for intensive care unit (ICU) admission following supraglottoplasty. Methods A 7‐year retrospective cohort analysis was conducted between 2014 and 2021. A patient requiring ICU level of care was defined as the use of respiratory support such as intubation, positive pressure ventilation, high‐flow nasal cannula, or multiple doses of nebulized epinephrine. Results About 134 medical charts were reviewed; 12 patients were excluded because of concurrent surgery. Age at the time of surgery was 2.8 (4.3) months (median [interquartile range]). About 33 (27.0%) ultimately required ICU‐level care. Prematurity (odds ratio [OR] 13.8), neurological condition (OR ∞), American Society of Anesthesiology class 3–4 (OR 6.5), and younger age (OR 1.8) were more likely to require ICU admission. No patient above 10 months of age needed ICU monitoring. The use of respiratory support justifying ICU was known within the first 4 h after surgery for almost all (32/33, 97%) of these patients. 4/33 (12.1%) were kept intubated and the remaining needed non‐invasive ventilation. Only one patient (1/122, 0.8%) was reintubated 12 h after surgery for progressive respiratory distress. Conclusion Approximately a quarter of patients required ICU‐level care after supraglottoplasty. For nearly all patients without comorbidities requiring ICU, this can be safely predicted within the first 4 h after surgery. Our data suggest that selected patients undergoing supraglottoplasty may be safely monitored outside of an ICU setting after an observation period in the post‐anesthesia care unit. Level of Evidence 4 Laryngoscope , 134:466–470, 2024